Yellow back wood and white back auricularia are two major strains of the hair ear family. They are closely related species of black fungus. Their protein and Amino Acid contents are similar to that of black fungus. They contain 17 kinds of amino acids, including 8 kinds of amino acids that the human body needs. Yellow-backed fungus not only has higher food value, but also has higher medicinal value. It has the functions of nourishing yin and strengthening the yang, clearing the lung and replenishing Qi, boosting blood and activating blood circulation, and is an ideal health food for textile and mining workers. First, the main substitute cultivar Introduction 1. White back Auricularia 3039: Introduced from Taiwan, it has been tested by many professionals for years of ear testing and biological characteristics. This variety has strong mycelium vigor, strong resistance to stress, extensive use of raw materials, large fleshy ears, and luster. Bright, dry, brown, back short bristles and white, good taste, good commercial performance, fast and neat ear, high yield, biological efficiency and stability, up to 250%, is the export of fine varieties. 2. Taiwan No.2: This variety was introduced from Taiwan and was selected and improved by professionals for many years. The fruiting body was pale and light reddish-brown with dense short hairs, with smooth ventral surface, gelatinous texture, and veins. It is reddish-brown or purple-brown-brown. It has a strong contraction after drying, a slightly hard texture, and a purple-black color. The biological conversion rate is 220%. It can make good use of species of agricultural and auxiliary products. It is currently one of the major cultivars in our province. 3. Shanghai No. 3; imported from Shanghai, after many years of ear testing and variety improvement, the variety has a bright color, thick meat, anti-pollution ability, rapid transit, convenient use of raw materials, extensive management, bioconversion rate of up to 220% , is currently one of the major cultivated species in our province. 4.781,782: all imported from Fujian, with large flower shape, thick flesh, strong anti-pollution ability, extensive management, easy to grasp, deep color after drying, white back, high yield, biological conversion rate of 220%. 5. Other cultivars include: Extraordinary fungus, Leibai fungus, 911, 912, 8711, 915, etc., which were all obtained after experimental breeding of this research laboratory. The characteristics of the variety are basically the same as those of Taiwan 2. Second, cultivation technology Cultivation season: The suitable temperature for the growth and development of the yellow-eared fruit body is 22-28°C, Sichuan is generally 5-8 months, and late September also can be eared. Bag making can be carried out in February, March and April. 5 It is also okay in the first half of the month. The original species was produced in November-December, and the cultivars were produced in January-March, with slight advances or delays depending on local temperature characteristics. 2. Selection and arrangement of cultivation sites: When selecting cultivation sites, the environment is required to be clean and clean, with good ventilation, close to water, clean water, cool in winter and cool in summer, and good in heat preservation and Moisturizing performance. Generally, farmers can use extra housing, mushroom house, and outdoor Saplings or simple arbours are grown. Regardless of new and old mushroom houses, indoor and outdoor, before the use, the site must be carefully cleaned and disinfected. For outdoor cultivation, the litter in the yard must be removed, the weeds should be removed, and the ground should be covered with gravel or bricks, and the environment around the site should be kept clean. After clean-up, lime is sprinkled on the floor and 5% of the surrounding area is sprayed. Bleaching solution or 4% formaldehyde solution was sterilized, and 0.5% dichlorvos was sprayed around the ground to kill pests. The indoor mushroom house removes all the debris and spider mesh from the room, paints lime on the walls, and fumigates with sulphur or formaldehyde, and hangs 0.2% of dichlorvos gauze strips to kill insects. 3. Formula for cultivation of materials: There are many raw materials suitable for cultivation of yellow back ear material, and selection can be made according to the resource conditions of each place. However, attention must be paid to the matching of the carbon source and the nitrogen source, and the nutrients in the cultivation material should be as complete as possible. Formulations used everywhere are described as follows: 1 75% cottonseed hull, 10% wood, 10% drum, 1% plaster, 1% phosphate, and 3% lime. 2 Cottonseed hull 75%, rice sugar 10%, Huhu shell or husk 10%, gypsum 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, lime 3%. 3 Corncob 50%, Mixed wood chips 36%, Rice sugar 9%, Gypsum 1%, Phosphorus fertilizer 1%, Lime 3%. 4 Cottonseed husk 30%, wood chips 30%, corn (or bagasse, straw powder) 30%, drum skin 5%, gypsum 1%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, lime 3%. 5 Wheat straw powder or straw powder 65%, mixed wood chips 10%, drum skin 20%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 3%. 6 straw festival 42.5%, wood chips 27%, rice bran 25%, urea 0.5%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime 3%. 7 Bagasse 100 kg, rice bran 10 kg, calcium urea 0.5 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0,2 kg, calcium carbonate 2 kg, lime powder 1 kg, water 170 to 190 kg. Formulations 1-7 should be adjusted with an additional 2 to 3 lime to pH 8 to 9. All kinds of raw materials should be fresh, dry, mildew-free, no sour, hardwood with hard materials, sapwood developed hardwood is more ideal, containing rosin, essential oils, alcohol, ether and aromatic substances to crush, soak and other pretreatment use. If the corn cob is to be crushed into soybean-sized granules, do not pulverize it into powder, otherwise it will affect the ventilation and cause bad bacteria. Rice straw should be made into grass flour, or cut into sections of 2-3 cm long, and use 1% stone water. Soak for 12-24 hours to soften it. 4. Bagging sterilization: The bacteria bag is made of 20?2337?42 cm thick polypropylene 3?4 silk or polyethylene bag. After loading the good materials, it shall be sterilized in time, and the bag shall be placed into the soil steamer to be coded into a parallel shape. The bag and the bag should leave a certain gap between the bag and the wall of the stove to facilitate the even penetration of steam into the material. After the temperature rises to 98 to 100°C, it is maintained for 8 to 10 hours. After the bag is cooled to below 30°C, it is moved into the inoculation box (room) for inoculation. 5. Before inoculation, the inoculation box (room) should be disinfected and the strains should be carefully selected. High quality yellow fungus strain mycelium grow thick and tidy, white, thick, can not afford cord-like hyphae, uniform from top to bottom, sterile wall separation phenomenon, no bacteria, no yellow water, no ear or only a small amount of ear base Formed, the strain has a clear fragrance, no sour, musty odor. When vaccinating, disinfect the inoculation equipment with 75% alcohol or 0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.1% potassium permanganate, and then prepare a new disinfectant solution to disinfect the bottle surface and the bottle mouth. A part of the bottle hook is not to be hooked, and it can be inoculated by breaking the bottle, digging the bottle or directly hooking into the bag mouth with the interface hook, etc. The both ends are festooned and sealed with kraft paper or double-layer newspaper. 6. After the inoculation of the inoculum, the stacking bags of the moving culture room are piled up, generally 3 to 6 layers, so that the room temperature can reach 23° C., and the hyphae can be revived in 2-3 days. After 10 days, the growth of mycelium is accelerated, and the hyphae can be filled with bags. You can move people out of the ear (room) for ear management. 7. Out-of-earm management is divided into two types, indoor and outdoor, depending on the ear-area venue. (1) The indoor bed frame ears ear management: The bed frame has a width of 30-40 centimeters, each layer is about 80 centimeters, and the bottom layer is 15-20 centimeters from the ground, with 4 to 5 layers of each shelf. Leave a walkway between the bed frames and do not rely on walls to facilitate management. The fungus bag was soaked in a solution of 0.1% potassium permanganate to kill bag-side germs. The sealing paper and collar were removed. The excess plastic film at both ends was cut off and placed on the bed frame. Take two ears. The key to ear-stage management is moisture management. The principle of moisture management is to spray dryly, dry, wet and dry, keep wet and free of stagnant water, and the relative humidity of air is 85 to 95%. Attention should be paid to indoor ventilation, and doors and windows must be opened and closed every day. ?3 times. (2) Outdoor ear management: Outdoors are generally conducted in shaded trees, orchards, mulberry fields, sugarcane fields, or shade shelters. The advantage of outdoor cultivation is good light, fresh air, large temperature difference between day and night; the disadvantage is that water management is more difficult. The bacteria treatment and hole opening are the same as those for indoor hanging bags. The fungus bag is hung on a cane or tree 20 cm above the ground and can be hung on 1 to 3 floors. For example, if we take a shed, we must use straw or plastic film to shade and moisturize the surrounding area and the roof of the shed. Hold the sheds and pull the wire. Hang the bacterium bag on the wire. Pay attention to the management of moisture evaporation, especially in sunny days, always moisturize and keep the temperature above 85%. Conditions such as warm phosgene cultivation outdoors are easily satisfied, and the quality of cultivated ears is good. 8. Harvesting processing normally takes 15 to 25 days from opening to harvesting. The newly born yellow back auricular body becomes a cup shape, and gradually spreads out later. When the ear piece is fully expanded and starts to close, the color can be harvested when the color changes from purple to purple. Harvesting should be timely, spores ejected, covered in white powder on the ear, the formation of over-ripening, affecting the quality of goods, or even bad ears. Stop spraying for 1 day before harvesting, and harvest as far as possible on sunny days to facilitate drying. The method is to use shears to cut the fruit body together with the base of the ear at the base of the hole, and then divide it into pieces to remove impurities, dry or dry, and the ears should be spread out piece by piece and not overlapped. Such as drying Method, the starting temperature can not exceed 50 °C, then gradually increase, the maximum can not exceed 65 °C, and pay attention to ventilation, so as not to stick the tab on the screen. The sun-dried ear piece is gray-white on the back, purple-black on the ventral surface, flat or rolled in the edge, water content less than 13%, no bacteria, insects, and sealed in plastic bags in a dry place for sale. For each ear picking, the remaining ear should be removed to prevent the ear mold from rot or bacteria. If there is a mold in the hole, it should be smeared with 75% alcohol before removing it with a knife. After harvesting, the water spray was stopped for 2 to 3 days, ventilation was added, and after the wounds healed, water management was performed. After 15 days, they were harvested once and harvested 3 to 4 times.
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