The NY/T5059-2001 pollution-free food prawn aquaculture technology specification issued by the Ministry of Agriculture stipulates the technology for the cultivation, cultivation, and disease prevention of shrimp seedlings, and is applicable to the main cultured shrimp in China. First, the seed cultivation 1, cultivation of water: Water quality should meet the requirements of GB11607, the cultivation of water quality should meet the requirements of NY5052. Water should be used after precipitation, filtration, etc. 2. Breeding pond: suitable for cement ponds, with an area of ​​10 to 50 square meters, complete facilities for drainage, irrigation, temperature control, oxygenation, and light control. In late spring and early summer, cages can also be used in the rearing of shrimp ponds. 3, cultivation density: larvae rearing density (10 ~ 20) 104 / cubic meter is appropriate. 4. Cultivate and manage: 1 water quality, replace the pool water according to the water quality, keep the dissolved oxygen above 5 mg/L, keep the air increasing oxygen, and remove the residual bait and dirt in time. 2 feeding, feed used should meet the requirements of NY5072. Feed size palatable, suitable for micro-granule compound feed, daily feeding rate of compound feed is 5% to 15%, daily feed rate of bio-feed is 30% to 70%, and daily feed is 4 to 8 times. (3) Disease prevention and control, filtering and disinfecting water for cultivation, and the use of drugs should meet the requirements of NY5071. 5, seed out of the pool: the cement pool to take siphon drainage, and then open the drainage hole drainage, set off the pool. Chinese shrimp seedlings should meet the requirements of GB/T15101?2, and other shrimps should be governed by GB/T15101?2. Seedlings out of the pond for quarantine should be healthy shrimps without specific pathogens (SPF). Second, to develop facilities 1, site selection: pollution-free muddy or sandy wasteland, saline-alkali land and coastal areas suitable for breeding can be. 2. Water environment: The seawater source should meet the requirements of GB11607, and the cultivated water quality should meet the requirements of NY5052. The catching area should have a smooth flow. 3, facilities: 1 to develop a pool. The beach has a large area of ​​shrimp ponds, rectangular, with an area of ​​1 to 7 hectares. The bottom of the pond is flat and slightly inclined to the outlet, which is about 0-2% lower than that. The bottom of the cultivating tank will not leak water, and if necessary, anti-leakage material will be added. The rear side of the rearing tank is provided with drainage and drainage facilities. The high-density intensive culture ponds are divided into mud sand ponds and cement ponds, with an area of ​​0.1 to 1 hectare, square or round, with a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 meters, and a drainage hole in the middle of the pool. 2 grow pool facilities. To build shrimp ponds in the intertidal zone, it is necessary to build anti-wave main embankments. The main embankment should have strong wind and wave resistance. Under normal circumstances, the embankment height should be more than 1 meter above the highest tide in the local calendar year. The width of the embankment should be more than 6 meters. The slope of the embankment should be 1:3 to 5, and the slope should be 1:2 to 3. The reservoir should be completely drained and the water volume should be more than 1/3 of the total body water. By using recycled water, after the water in the rearing ponds is discharged, it should enter the treatment pond first, and after purification, it will enter the reservoir. Wastewater that has not been recycled will not be discharged after treatment. In the centralized shrimp cultivation area, it is necessary to construct the access and drainage channels to coordinate the intake and drainage of each growing field and aquaculture pond, and the inlet and outlet are as far apart as possible. The width of the drainage channel should be larger than the inflow channel, and the bottom of the drainage channel must be less than 30 cm above the bottom of each corresponding shrimp pond drainage gate. For high-density intensive and aquaculture shrimp farming methods, oxygen aeration equipment should be provided, earthen ponds can be used for aerators, and cement pools can be used for flushing pumps and blowers. In areas where there is a lot of crabs in the mudflat area, a 30 to 40 cm high and smooth plastic membrane or thin plate crab prevention wall should be built around the pond. III. Preparations 1. Decontamination of the entire pond: After collecting the shrimp, the ponds, reservoirs, ditches, etc. should be drained, the pools should be sealed, the dams and gates should be repaired, and the dirt on the bottom should be removed. In particular to remove the algae. Thicker sediments should be ploughed and exposed or washed repeatedly to promote the decomposition of organic matter. The sludge in the pool must not be stirred directly and directly into the sea. 2. Disinfection and disinfection: After clearing the whole pond, the enemy organisms, pathogenic organisms, and intermediate hosts carrying pathogens should be removed. The quicklime is commonly used for clearing the pond to destroy the water. After the pool water is discharged to 30-40 cm, the whole pool is splashed with lime, and the amount is about 1000 kg/ha. 3, water-based breeding bait: clearing the entire pool after the end of disinfection 1 to 2 days, you can begin to receive water to cultivate basic biological food. 4. Use of fertilizers: The following principles should be followed for the use of fertilizers: 1 Balanced fertilization and promotion of the use of high-quality organic fertilizers. The proportion of organic fertilizers used in the structure of fertilizers shall not be less than 50%; 2 the total amount of fertilizers shall be controlled, and the nitrate content in water shall be less than 40 mg/l; 3 shall not use chemicals not registered by the national or provincial agricultural department or Biofertilizers and organic fertilizers should be fully fermented before they can be used. Fourth, put the seedlings point 1, put seedlings environment: put the seedlings, the depth of the pool of 60 to 80 cm, the transparency of the pool up to 40 cm. It is not appropriate to let the seedlings bloom in the strong winds and stormy days. 2, seed specifications: South American white shrimp seedlings 0? 7 cm above the Chinese shrimp seedlings more than 1 cm, larval shrimp seedlings 1? 3 ~ 1? 5 cm or more. 3, seedling density: a large area of ​​shrimp ponds, put the seedling density (6 ~ 10) 104 tail / hectare is appropriate; high density intensive culture ponds, put the seedling density to (25 ~ 50) 104 tail / Ha. 4. Water temperature: The water temperature of the prawn seedlings in stocking should be more than 14°C, and the water temperature of the white prawn and white prawn should be above 22°C. 5, salinity: pool water salinity should be 1 ~ 32. The salinity difference between the shrimp culture tank, the intermediate culture tank and the rearing pool should be less than 5, and the difference between the pool water salinity is greater than 5, and it can be adapted to the change of salinity by the acclimation of the shrimp seedlings, and the salinity difference that gradually transitions within 24 hours is usually obtained. Less than 10. V. Cultivation management 1. Water environment control: 1 Influent water quality management. Before laying the seedlings, inject water to the rearing tanks for cleansing or disinfection. After the seedlings are released, the cultivated water must pass through the reservoir for sedimentation and purification. 2 Water and water exchange. In the early period of growing up, add 3 to 5 centimeters of water daily until the water level reaches 1 meter or more to maintain the water level. In the middle and later stages of development, depending on the water quality, if the transparency is too low (below 20cm) or the transparency is greater (greater than 80cm), when the harmful unicellular algae overproduce, change the water as appropriate and take a slow water change. Adjust water quality. 2, feed management: 1 feed quality. The quality of feed and safety and health shall comply with the regulations of SC2002 and NY5072. 2 feed amount. The daily feeding rate of conventional compound feed is 3% to 5%, and the daily feeding rate of fresh fish is 7% to 10%. The actual operation should be based on the number of shrimp tail, average body weight, body length and daily feeding rate, calculate the daily theoretical feeding amount, and then according to the feeding conditions, weather conditions, determine the amount of feeding the day. After feeding, continue to observe the shrimp feeding conditions, adjust the amount of feeding. 3 feeding method of compound feed. In the initial period after the seedlings are released, they are usually fed 4 times a day. Afterwards, as the shrimp grows, the amount of feed is increased, and the number of daily feedings is adjusted. The feed amount after the afternoon accounts for about 60% of the total feeding amount. In the initial stage of development, shrimps have a small range of activities and should be uniformly fed in the whole pool. With the growth of shrimp, it is possible to choose shrimps to be fed regularly. 3, Determination: Daily measurement of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, water salinity and other water quality factors. The species and quantity of plankton in the pond are often detected, and those who are qualified can detect changes in ammonia, nitrogen, and other water quality factors. Measure shrimp growth every 5 to 10 days. Measure the length of the prawn and measure the body weight. The number of tails should be greater than 50 per measurement. Periodically estimate the number of shrimp tails in the pond and the large outdoor shrimp pool, and use a rotary screen to collect samples in the pool for multiple points. VI. Disease Prevention and Control 1. Patrol Pool: Shrimp personnel should observe the pools once a day in the early morning and evening. Pay attention to removing the crabs and rodents around the shrimp ponds, pay attention to the diseased shrimps and dead shrimps, check the causes and causes of death, and timely Remove sick shrimp and dead shrimp for treatment. Observe the shrimp activity and distribution and observe the shrimp feeding and feed utilization. 2, cut off the pathogen: shall not be included in the other dead shrimp ponds and the disease out of the shrimp pond water, can not be fed with pathogenic bait. 3. Detection of pathogenic organisms: Regular detection of pathogenic organisms in shrimp ponds. 4. Use of drugs: The use of drugs should meet the requirements of NY5071 and master the following principles: 1 The fishery drugs used should be complete with “three certificates†(fishery drug registration certificate, fishery drug production approval certificate, implementation standard number); 2 should use high efficiency, Low-toxic, low-residue drugs, ecologic preparations are recommended. Do not use clear ponds containing organic phosphorus and other highly toxic pesticides for disinfection. VII. Develop harvesting methods for drainage and shrimp collection, or use fixed traps or dedicated grid fishing.
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