The first step is to update and update
For trees that need to change the fine varieties, design the tree according to the specific situation. The whole tree branches according to the design of the tree shape, useless from the base of the sparse, need to use the pile to intercept dry, stimulate the emergence of latent buds, according to the needs of plastic surgery to choose to retain the permanent extension of buds and temporary spare buds.
The best cut-off period is before the budding in early April. During this period, the tree body has less injurious flow and large stimulation power, which is favorable for latent bud germination and wound healing. The length of cut-and-dry piles should not be too complex. A medium-sized tree should be above the main branch of the first layer, with 60 centimeters in the center and 50 centimeters in the main tree of the first layer. If the tree is tall, it should be above the main branch of the second layer, with 30 centimeters of interception at the center, 20 centimeters of the main branch of the second layer, and 50 centimeters of the main branch of the first layer. All the kerfs must be smoothed and wrapped with a film to prevent chapped sections and promote healing.
Select the anvil bud timely after cutting. That is, one bud is left on both sides of the trunk stem, one is left on the back of the second main stem, and the other one is left on the back of the main stem of the second layer. One bud is left on the lateral side of the main stem of the second layer and one bud is left on the back of the main stem of the first layer. Leave one bud on one side and one on the other. Especially the lack of branches, we must fill in empty buds. The remaining buds were not erased in time to reduce nutrient consumption. The selected buds and spare buds were picked up to 20 cm in length to be picked up for grafting.
The second step grafting and changing
Choosing the best varieties of walnuts in the region, and then grafting them in July of the same year or June of the following year. Grafting method: skilled workers use square buds, unskilled people can use I-shaped buds. It is best to use two woodworking cut plywood blades with rectangular wood block (width 3 cm, thickness 2 cm) in the middle, self-made double-blade bud grafting knife, which can not only be fast, but also ensure that the “open interface, cut buds†is equidistant from top to bottom . Regardless of the type of connection, the anvils left after one finish, the interface must be arranged in the direction of extension of the graft. After being connected, a transparent film strip wider than the interface is used, and it is fully closed and tightly packed to promote survival.
After that, we must strengthen management. To prevent grafting and germination in July of that year, grafting should only prevent the growth of buds. After grafting, we only pick the anvils, do not move other branches and leaves, do not cut the anvil, and do not lift the bandaging membrane. Bandaging membranes. For grafting in June of the second year, it is necessary to promote the post-control and strive to ensure that the graft will not only have a certain amount of growth, but also safely survive the winter. Therefore, after grafting, three compound leaves were left to cut off the anvil tip. After 10 days, the survival condition was checked. The compound leaves were cut off and the other buds were erased at any time, and the concentrated nutrients promoted the sprouting of buds. When the budding drilled film reaches 10 cm in length, the stems are cut off, the bandaging membrane is removed, and rapid graft growth is promoted; the heart is picked up until late August to control the height and strengthen the lower part. In addition, although walnuts have strong healing power and strong interface, the amount of new grafted leaves is heavier than that of other fruit trees, and the top of the tuyere still needs tie-sticks to prevent wind deflection.
The third step positioning shaping
After the third year of cutting off, the new grafting is generally about 80 cm long. The cultivation techniques for walnuts in Weibei dryland have started. The plastics should be positioned in a timely manner to promote the rapid restoration of production of the canopy. The specific method is: After the leaves are displayed in the spring, a strong and upright extension of the branch is left at 80 centimeters in the center to make short cuts, to promote the main branch of the second layer or the third layer, and the other branch is pulled into the level to serve as an auxiliary branch. The second layer of the main trunk extended the branch to a length of 60 cm, triggering the second lateral branch. Lateral extension branches do not cut slow release. When the extension is damaged, the replacement branch is pulled to the extended position instead of the extension branch. The rest of the temporary spare branches are put slowly for early results. Summer branches are more flexible and can adopt other measures such as pulling, pulling and falling to adjust the azimuth angle of the main branch.
In the summer of the following year, the main lateral branch angle was further adjusted. The main branch of the second or third layer was selected on the central branch, and the remaining branches were sheared from the base. The extension branches of the main branches of each layer shall be slowly placed, and the lateral branches shall be short-cut at the full shoots to promote branching. Temporary spare branches, sparse from the base, which have an effect on ventilation and light penetration and on the branches, have no effect on the retention of results. At this point, the new tree frame crown structure was completed. In the next two or three years, all branches will be slowly released, except for continuing to adjust their perspectives, eliminate unnecessary branches, and control the back branches. The temporary spare branch has completed its mission and should be handled as appropriate. It should not be allowed to become a branch and affect the normal growth of the previous branch.
Practice has proved that using the three-step method not only enables the old branches of the tree to be renewed, the varieties are improved, and the irregular tree shape is also reasonably transformed. Take the grafted Qingxiang and Zhonglin No. 3 varieties as examples to achieve fruitful results in the 3rd year, and enter fruitful periods in the 5th and 6th years. The annual production value exceeds twice the original value.
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