When the physiology of the apple orchard is deficient in certain desired elements, it will often cause growth and development to hit the wall, and the branches, leaves and fruits will show abnormal symptoms, affecting the yield, appearance and character. Common apple lobular disease, apple yellow leaf disease, apple fruit disease and apple bitter pit disease.
1, apple lobular disease
The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of zinc in the soil. It occurs in an orchard with thin sandy soil and alkaline soil. The main damage to new shoots and leaves, diseased trees in late spring germination, stagnation after leaf extraction, leaves narrow and slender, leaf margins up, hard and brittle leaves, pale yellow-green leaves, or uneven density, cluster formation Clustered, easy to fall early. Diseases are shortened between nodes, grow thin, and later die or die. New branches can be found under the dead branches and still show the same symptoms. The flowering buds of the diseased trees are reduced, the flowers are small and pale, and it is not easy to set fruit, and the resulting fruits are small and deformed. The saplings that developed on the first occurrence had poor root development; the roots of the old diseased trees had eroded landscapes, and the canopy was sparse and the yield was very low.
2, apple yellow leaf disease
The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of iron in the soil. Occurred in the orchards of saline or calcareous soils, especially seedlings and saplings were seriously affected. Most of the diseases started from the young leaves at the tip of the new shoot. The early leaves turned yellow and the veins were still green, and the leaves were green netted. Afterwards, the leaves gradually turned yellow, falling off early and the top of the new shoots died. The tip of the tip of the tip of the new shoot is usually heavier and the lower leaf is lighter. The onset of seedlings is also the beginning of young leaves from the tip of the shoot, and the symptoms are the same as above.
3, apple fruit disease
The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of boron in the soil. The orchards in mountainous and sandy soils are heavy and the drought is severe. Diseases are mainly manifested in the fruits, and can occur from flowering to harvesting. When the disease is severe, it can cause large quantities of fruit drop, yield decline, and deterioration of the character. Some varieties show shoots, buds and leaves also show symptoms.
1 Because the variety and the onset period are different, the symptoms of fruit shrinkage on the fruit are mainly the following three types:
Dry spot type mostly occurs in the young fruit period about half a month after flowering. Initially, brownish freckles emerged on the dorsal surface of young fruit. The flesh of the diseased part was translucent and yellowish mucous appeared on the surface. The pulp of the late stage was necrotic, brownish to dark brown, and dried and sunken to dry spots. The disease is small and deformed, and the flesh is hard, rough and juicy. Severely falling fruit often falls off early.
The cork type continued to show symptoms from after flowering to before harvest, but it occurred more during the late growth period. In the early stage, the pulp began to have water-stained lesions. It soon turned brown and spongy and soft. Afterwards, the cork tissue emerged from the base of the sacral canal and spread along the fruit line to the interior of the pulp and spread radially between the vascular bundles. The corked portion of the flesh is bitter and unbearable. In the young fruit period, the fruit is small and deformed, and it is easy to fall early; when the disease is late, the change of fruit shape is not obvious, but it is only slightly uneven. The fruit of the red variety is thicker and colored earlier, dark red and easy to fall off.
The rust spot type is now more susceptible to cultivars. The main feature is that brown, fine horizontal stripe spots appear along the fruit surface around the pedicel, often cracking at the spot, but the flesh is not necrotic, but soft, pale and tasteless.
2 The symptoms of fruit shrinkage on the branches and leaves are also the following 3 types:
At the early stage of the onset of the shoot, the top leaves of the new shoots are pale yellow, and the petioles and veins are pale red to reddish brown. All the leaves are distorted. Necrotic spots appear at the tips of the shoots and leaf margins, and in the phloem and stratum formation at the tip of the shoot. Black necrotic freckles are produced. After expansion, they gradually die from the tip of the shoot and form dead shoots. This symptom often appears between August and September.
The buds on the branches of the arbuscular branches do not develop, or they die shortly after they are unfolded. They die from the tip of the new shoots and later twigs under the dead branches to form vines. Serious death can result in pruning.
In the spring or late summer, the tip of the leaf-shaped leaves cannot grow, and the internodes are very short. Many crunchy, small and thick leaves are produced at the festival and appear clustered. In severe conditions, a large number of branches and buds die, seriously affecting the expansion of the crown and the formation of flower buds, and even can cause large branches to die.
Apple bitter pit
The disease is caused by the physiological calcium deficiency of the tree. Pruning is too heavy, partial nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the trees are excessively prosperous, and the orchards with poor fertilizer and water are seriously affected. Guoguang, green bananas, gold crowns, red stars and other species are more susceptible to disease. When the fruit is nearly mature, symptoms begin to emerge and the storage period continues to develop. At the early stage of the disease, the lesions were mainly lenticels, dark-colored on red fruits, dark green on the green or yellow-green fruits, nearly round, surrounded by dark red or yellow-green circles. The lesions were then slightly sunken and turned brown. The subcutaneous tissue of the lesion also turned brown, showing spongy necrosis and bitter taste. At the late stage of storage, the diseased tissue is susceptible to bacterial infection and erosion.
1, apple lobular disease
The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of zinc in the soil. It occurs in an orchard with thin sandy soil and alkaline soil. The main damage to new shoots and leaves, diseased trees in late spring germination, stagnation after leaf extraction, leaves narrow and slender, leaf margins up, hard and brittle leaves, pale yellow-green leaves, or uneven density, cluster formation Clustered, easy to fall early. Diseases are shortened between nodes, grow thin, and later die or die. New branches can be found under the dead branches and still show the same symptoms. The flowering buds of the diseased trees are reduced, the flowers are small and pale, and it is not easy to set fruit, and the resulting fruits are small and deformed. The saplings that developed on the first occurrence had poor root development; the roots of the old diseased trees had eroded landscapes, and the canopy was sparse and the yield was very low.
2, apple yellow leaf disease
The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of iron in the soil. Occurred in the orchards of saline or calcareous soils, especially seedlings and saplings were seriously affected. Most of the diseases started from the young leaves at the tip of the new shoot. The early leaves turned yellow and the veins were still green, and the leaves were green netted. Afterwards, the leaves gradually turned yellow, falling off early and the top of the new shoots died. The tip of the tip of the tip of the new shoot is usually heavier and the lower leaf is lighter. The onset of seedlings is also the beginning of young leaves from the tip of the shoot, and the symptoms are the same as above.
3, apple fruit disease
The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of boron in the soil. The orchards in mountainous and sandy soils are heavy and the drought is severe. Diseases are mainly manifested in the fruits, and can occur from flowering to harvesting. When the disease is severe, it can cause large quantities of fruit drop, yield decline, and deterioration of the character. Some varieties show shoots, buds and leaves also show symptoms.
1 Because the variety and the onset period are different, the symptoms of fruit shrinkage on the fruit are mainly the following three types:
Dry spot type mostly occurs in the young fruit period about half a month after flowering. Initially, brownish freckles emerged on the dorsal surface of young fruit. The flesh of the diseased part was translucent and yellowish mucous appeared on the surface. The pulp of the late stage was necrotic, brownish to dark brown, and dried and sunken to dry spots. The disease is small and deformed, and the flesh is hard, rough and juicy. Severely falling fruit often falls off early.
The cork type continued to show symptoms from after flowering to before harvest, but it occurred more during the late growth period. In the early stage, the pulp began to have water-stained lesions. It soon turned brown and spongy and soft. Afterwards, the cork tissue emerged from the base of the sacral canal and spread along the fruit line to the interior of the pulp and spread radially between the vascular bundles. The corked portion of the flesh is bitter and unbearable. In the young fruit period, the fruit is small and deformed, and it is easy to fall early; when the disease is late, the change of fruit shape is not obvious, but it is only slightly uneven. The fruit of the red variety is thicker and colored earlier, dark red and easy to fall off.
The rust spot type is now more susceptible to cultivars. The main feature is that brown, fine horizontal stripe spots appear along the fruit surface around the pedicel, often cracking at the spot, but the flesh is not necrotic, but soft, pale and tasteless.
2 The symptoms of fruit shrinkage on the branches and leaves are also the following 3 types:
At the early stage of the onset of the shoot, the top leaves of the new shoots are pale yellow, and the petioles and veins are pale red to reddish brown. All the leaves are distorted. Necrotic spots appear at the tips of the shoots and leaf margins, and in the phloem and stratum formation at the tip of the shoot. Black necrotic freckles are produced. After expansion, they gradually die from the tip of the shoot and form dead shoots. This symptom often appears between August and September.
The buds on the branches of the arbuscular branches do not develop, or they die shortly after they are unfolded. They die from the tip of the new shoots and later twigs under the dead branches to form vines. Serious death can result in pruning.
In the spring or late summer, the tip of the leaf-shaped leaves cannot grow, and the internodes are very short. Many crunchy, small and thick leaves are produced at the festival and appear clustered. In severe conditions, a large number of branches and buds die, seriously affecting the expansion of the crown and the formation of flower buds, and even can cause large branches to die.
Apple bitter pit
The disease is caused by the physiological calcium deficiency of the tree. Pruning is too heavy, partial nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the trees are excessively prosperous, and the orchards with poor fertilizer and water are seriously affected. Guoguang, green bananas, gold crowns, red stars and other species are more susceptible to disease. When the fruit is nearly mature, symptoms begin to emerge and the storage period continues to develop. At the early stage of the disease, the lesions were mainly lenticels, dark-colored on red fruits, dark green on the green or yellow-green fruits, nearly round, surrounded by dark red or yellow-green circles. The lesions were then slightly sunken and turned brown. The subcutaneous tissue of the lesion also turned brown, showing spongy necrosis and bitter taste. At the late stage of storage, the diseased tissue is susceptible to bacterial infection and erosion.
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