Watermelon production is the main crop in our city in recent years, and it is also the main source of farmers' income. However, the current production of watermelon varieties are mostly old Hongbao and other old varieties, although the yield is high, but there are defects such as thick skin, many grains, empty holes, and shallow color. The disease-resistant and high-quality black skin melon, flower skin melon, and small melon are deeply loved by consumers and melon farmers, and the market development prospects are promising. In order to meet the needs of market changes, the city introduced Shenzhen Aoxin Industrial Co., Ltd. in 2002. The "African Black Giant" large-scale watermelon varieties produced by the company have been tested and planted in many varieties. After many years of cultivation, this variety has characteristics of less seeds, good quality, high yield, and strong resistance. The local planting of its high yield and commercial quality is better than other varieties, such as this year from May to June, in the rainfall of 1006.2mm, of which the highest in June when the case of 624.0mm (most in history); other watermelon varieties of large area production Even the harvest was unacceptable, while the African black giants performed satisfactorily and produced high yields. The yield per hectare of 667 square meters still reached 2,500 kg. The largest one of the growers sold more than 50 yuan and had a good harvest. The economic and social benefits are significant and are welcomed by growers and consumers. Now its characteristics and mulching techniques are described below for reference by the majority of farmers.
1, characteristics
The African black giant is a hybrid large-scale watermelon. The plants grow vigorously, the whole growth period is about 100 days, the fruit development period is about 35 days, and it is a mid-maturing variety. The main performance is rapid and robust growth, the main vines are as thick as 0.7cm, the average internode length is 5.5cm, and the branching is good. The first female flower section is from 7th to 9th, and the female flower from 6th to 7th. It can produce 2 melons on the same plant. The fruit is elliptic and the average fruit weight is 13-16kg. The average output per 667 square meters is 4000-5000kg. Peaches dark, solid, crack-resistant, resistant to storage and transportation: center sugar content of 13%, red color, uniform profile, juicy sweet taste, crisp and refreshing, quality Qijia; moisture-resistant fertilizer water, anti-mowing disease, anthrax Strong ability, wide adaptability, and can get a good harvest in harsh environment, mainly in the local spring to take plastic film cover cultivation.
2, cultivation techniques
2.1 Compatible with nutritious soil to cultivate sturdy melon seedlings For many years, with the experience of seedling raising, we must first select a high-lying, sunny plot as a seedbed and set aside for use. 8cm8cm nutritious bags are used to grow seedlings. The preparation of nutritious soil should be done on garden soil or rice fields that have not been planted with melons. The nutrient soil can be taken on the surface by sieving, and 25 kg of calcium, magnesium, phosphate fertilizer is added to every 1000 pods of nutrient soil and fully mixed and put on the nursery hoe. The humidity should be dispersed in the hand to disperse the floor. In the local customary cultivation and sowing time is the most suitable in early March. Seed treatment is to first soak seeds of watermelon with 50% carbendazim 500 times soak for 30 minutes, remove and wash with water, then soak in fresh water for 8 hours, and remove the mucus of seed skin and drain it. Packed in clean wet cotton gauze, packed in a plastic bag, placed in a person's personal pocket, and primed with body temperature. The middle rinse with warm water 1 to 2 times, generally about 30 hours, most of the watermelon seeds can be exposed. The sown white seeds were sown in spare nutrients, one for each seed, and the seeds were laid flat, covered with 1 cm thick fine soil, and then the nursery pots were evenly discharged on the constructed seed bed, and the seedbeds were covered with a small arch cover film to keep warm. Dewy soil usually 4 days, 5 days can be out of Qi, this time the small arch shed to open the membrane to breathe, during the nursery according to weather conditions to remove the film, ventilation and hardening seedlings, to ensure that the melon seedlings need strong growth of temperature and humidity. In addition, the seedling stage with 20% copper acetate plus 0.1% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate water pouring 1 to 2 times can prevent damping-off disease, cultivating melon seedlings.
2.2 Do base fertilizer application in order to create a loose soil, suitable for the growth and development of watermelon root soil environment, first of all to choose a deep soil, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water retention and good ventilation and sandy loam or loam, and within 3 years The paddy field where no melons have been planted or the early water rotation was made. Generally, the plots of cultivated watermelons in spring are paddy fields with paddy crop rotation. After rice is harvested, the rice heads are removed and the rice is sunk deep in the winter. Second, apply base fertilizer. For the first 10 to 15 days, 667 square meters of 1500 kg of cooked manure or 750 kg of chicken manure, 45% of 50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 50 to 75 kg of lime. According to the ditch width of 3m, 25cm high entwined, sampan surface as far as possible to make turtle shape, to be flat, clean, fine, in order to facilitate the timely removal of water. After the earthworms have been well-prepared, use 48% Diethylamine EC 100ml per 667m2 and mix with 50kg of water evenly on the planting mites to prevent weeding, and then cover the plastic film.
2.3 Proper pruning timely transplanting 30 days after sowing, when the seedlings 2 to 3 leaves 1 heart when the colonization, according to line 0.8m membrane rupture transplanting, 270 plants per 667 square meters. After the seeds are soaked with water, the root water can be added to 50% of the enemy to prevent wilt disease 800 times, and then fill in the fine soil sealing point, the peripheries of the melon seedlings cover. Reasonable pruning is to adjust the contradiction between guava vines and fruit set, and maintain the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Generally using three vine pruning, in addition to retaining the main vine, from the base of the 3 to 5 section selected to stay in the two robust growth of side vines, the remaining side of the vines were removed. The results of the 2nd to 4th female flowers are appropriate. The 3rd female flower sitting in the melon is the best. After the melon is in the sitting position, when the eggs are large, 1 young fruit with good fruit color and bright skin color is selected. Remove the rest. Fertilizers, strong growth can be left on the main side of each one, the main vine between the 20th to 26th, between the side vines 16 to 20 to stay between the melon, and sitting in the melon before leaving 8 to 10 leaves to fight Top, when the melon is stable, it will no longer prune.
2.4 Scientific Fertilization Increase Production and Income Increase After planting, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is the main seedling stage, and compound fertilizer is the main medium-term. After the results, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added. To prevent premature aging, root dressing should be strengthened later. There is plenty of rain in the local spring and water is generally not needed. The first application of slow-onset seedling fertilizer was applied one week after planting, using a mixture of 0.5% ternary compound fertilizer and 10% decomposed human urine. The second application of vine spread fertilizer is to use 0.8% of ternary compound fertilizer and 20% of decomposed human urine. When the fruit eggs are large, the swollen melon fertilizer is reapplied, and a hole is applied 30 to 40 cm away from the root, and 4 to 35 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters. When the fruit bowl mouth is large, a mixture of urea and 1% potassium sulphate is poured every 667 square meters, and in the middle and later stages, it is over 4500, or 8,000 times 481 or 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% borax. Spraying with pesticides to fully meet the needs of fruit growth and development, when the melon no longer inflates, stop top dressing. The entire growth period is dominated by drainage.
2.5 Prevention and Control of Diseases and Insect Pests Disease prevention and control of watermelons should be based on prevention and timely detection of disease conditions. African black giant watermelon is resistant to vegetative disease and anthracnose, and the disease is mainly prevention. In the seedling stage, 20% copper acetate 800 times liquid is used to prevent damping-off, and a protective bactericide is sprayed 2 days before transplanting. Such as chlorothalonil and other pesticides plus 0.2% ~ 0.3% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Fusarium wilt in the growing season, anthrax occurs 600 times in the initial stage with Dixon or 800 times the amount of amine in water: The disease is sprayed with 600 times of 64% or 500% of 85% of the schizophrenia; downy mildew At the beginning of the occurrence, 40% of EDPH or 58% of metalaxyl manganese zinc is sprayed, and if it is mixed with bacterial leaf spot, 30% of copper carboxylate copper phosphate 1000 times is used to prevent and treat bacterial diseases. Insect pests and if Huang Shougua, available 50% dichlorvos or 50% phoxim 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid. For the prevention of the same type of diseases or insects, pesticides should be used in rotation.
3, timely harvest
In the latter part of the southern watermelon, more rainwater is grown. Therefore, in the management of melons, it is necessary to do a good job of padding melons and picking up melons to prevent ground melons from forming rotten melons, ensuring that the melons are uniform in color, and improving commodity characteristics. In addition to harvesting, African black giant watermelons can also be judged mature by wilting or umbilical and pedicel contractions at 3 to 4 knots before and after the fruit setting period in accordance with the fruit development period. Generally, ripening begins at the beginning of June and begins at the beginning of June. June 20 The peak is harvested, and harvesting is completed on the 25th.
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