At present, due to the closed management of vegetable sheds and the blind over-investment of chemical fertilizers, the issue of soil degradation is very prominent.
Long-term over-fertilization of soil salinization and acidification, both chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, causes salt to accumulate on the surface of the soil and secondary salinization occurs. When the soil salinity is higher than 0.3%, it will inhibit the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops, especially seedling roots. Soil acidification is mainly caused by a large amount of partial nitrogen fertilizer, which has an adverse effect on crop roots and soil microbes.
Soil biodiversity is destroyed as a result of long-term success in pursuit of high efficiency, which results in unbalanced soil microflora and root-knot nematode, blight, and epidemic diseases. This is more common and serious in monoculture areas such as “Cucumber Village†and “Garlic Townshipâ€.
Accumulation of autotoxic substances in soil refers to the inhibition of the chemical substances secreted, decomposed, and leached by crop roots against self, homologous, or related plants under long-term continuous cropping conditions. It is a kind of allelopathic effect. Soybeans, tomatoes, eggplants, watermelons, melons and cucumbers are all susceptible to autotoxicity.
For these problems, comprehensive management measures should be taken to repair the soil degradation of greenhouses.
To control soil salinization and acidification by controlling the amount of fertilizer, fertilization period, and the interaction between organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, balanced application of N, P, K fertilizer, rational application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and appropriate application of organic fertilizer, straw returning and deep ploughing Salt and other measures to improve soil texture, increase permeability, reduce soil salinization; through a variety of vegetable crop rotation, vegetable crop rotation and in the two seasons vegetable leisure season planting shorter sweet corn, Sudan grass, scorpion, leeks Such as filling crops, are conducive to improving the poor soil traits.
Water and fertilizer integration management Vegetable roots are mostly shallow and sparse. Solanaceous fruits, fruits, and fruits are harvested several times. Water and fertilizer should be applied several times and integrated to carry out comprehensive management. This will not only improve the efficiency of fertilizer and water use, but also eliminate or reduce the problems of soil degradation and environmental pollution caused by large-scale fertilizer and large-scale fertilizers. It is suggested that for greenhouse sowing fruit and fruits and vegetables, in the case of fertilizer and water synchronization, a small number of times, the base fertilizer Mushi organic fertilizer 4000-7000 kg, each topdressing 9-11 kg of urea, potassium sulfate 10-12 kg; If the application of micro-irrigation fertilization technology, fertilizer and water can be further reduced the amount, the general basal fertilizer Mushi 300-400 kg of organic fertilizer, topdressing 7-8 kg of urea, potassium sulfate application amount can be more than urea.
Straw bioreactor and straw straw bioreactor technology is to open the ditch under the planting line or around the greenhouse, and put the straw and fermentation compound inoculum. The C/N ratio, moisture and ventilation conditions of the material, such as the high-temperature composting, are covered. Punched holes and fermented straw under field conditions. Decomposed straw can be used as a fertilizer for soil improvement; released carbon dioxide is an urgently needed carbon source fertilizer for early spring greenhouses; fermentation heat can increase the ground temperature by 3°C-5°C. This technology has been promoted and applied in greenhouses in Shandong and northern China.
Lime nitrogen-straw disinfection Lime nitrogen fertilizer is a kind of delayed nitrogen fertilizer containing calcium and insecticidal sterilizing effect. In the greenhouse for the rest of the leisure season, 60 kg of lime per acre and 600 kg of straw are mixed into the soil. Water is properly mulched to cover the shed. This can eliminate or reduce the physiological diseases of vegetables caused by calcium deficiency and magnesium deficiency while applying nitrogen fertilizer; the fertilizer itself and the heat generated can also increase the soil temperature and kill nematodes and improve the effect of stuffy sheds.
In addition to the above-mentioned remediation measures, the application of bio-organic fertilizers and regulators can also utilize functional organic fertilizers that are rich in antagonistic microorganisms and crop residue (such as tobacco stalks) that have evasive effects. A root zone protection zone. Practice has proved that doing so can effectively prevent and control nematodes and diseases, restore soil microbial activity in the root zone, and increase the ability of roots to absorb and utilize soil water and fertilizers. Users can use them according to their own conditions.
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