The first stage (proestrus): The follicles in the ovary are gradually expanding and the ovary is about 1 cubic centimeter in size. Observed by vaginal smear, leukocytes predominate, and nucleated cells can be seen in individual specimens. The vulva began to swell and expose pubic hair. There is a tendency to heterosexuality and sexual excitement.
The second stage (pre-estrus): The ovarian volume increased to 1.5 - 2 cm3. Follicular significantly enlarged. Observed by vaginal smears, nucleated cells predominate. The vulva swollen more, the clitoris also increased, and the performance of the fox and sexual excitement further increased. The next period lasted 1 to 2 days.
The third stage (pre-estrus): There is an excessive period from pre-estrus to full estrus, which extends for 1-2 days. Ovary volume increased to 2-2.3 cm3. Foam peas size. Ovarian smears showed the same number of nucleated and seedless keratinocytes. The vulva is swollen. The clitoris is almost round. The female fox was very excited at this time, chasing the male fox, but when the male fox attempted to mate, the female fox fled and growled.
The fourth stage (estrus): The mature ovarian cells are gradually drained, vaginal smears are observed, and keratinized non-nucleated cells predominate. The vulva changed almost to a circle, as if it were turned out, the color darkened, dark red, and the upper part was slightly wrinkled. Some female foxes have white or yellowish mucous or curdled secretions. During this period, the female fox is close to the male fox. When the male and female foxes are playing together, the female fox is gentle and tilts her tail to one side and stands still while waiting for mating.
The fifth stage (late estrus): The ovaries begin to shrink, ovulation ends, and the corpus luteum begins to form. Observed vaginal smear, nucleated cells, white blood cells are all, the vulva return to normal. At this time, the mother fox is placed in a public fox cage, and the fox ignores the female fox. Changes in external genital organs of young female foxes are similar to those of adult female foxes. However, it is usually not as obvious as the adult fox. The entire estrus period lasts 8 to 10 days, which is longer than the duration of reproduction of the female fox at the appropriate age.
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