In the dairy production process, the use of pollution-free raw materials does not mean that it can meet the needs of high-yield production. The premise of high yield is to scientifically formulate rations to meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows in different growth stages, different parity levels, and different lactation phases. This requires adjusting the dietary formulation according to the nutritional needs of dairy cows to make them suitable for dairy cow production needs.
Formulation principle
According to the performance of dairy cows, the herds were divided into high-yield, middle-yield, low-yield and dry-milk groups. Then, the “cow-feeding standard†was used in conjunction with the diet. When feeding, according to the amount of milk per cow and the actual health of the appropriate increase or decrease in the amount of feed to meet their nutritional needs. For individual high-producing dairy cows, diets can be combined individually. Under intensive barn feeding conditions, diet matching can be performed at different stages of lactation.
The ration must be based on the Standard for Dairy Cows and fully meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows at different physiological stages. Feed types should be as diverse as possible to increase the full price of feed nutrients and feed utilization. In order to ensure adequate intake and digestive function of dairy cows, it is necessary to ensure that the diet has sufficient volume and dry matter content, and the dry matter requirement of high-yielding cows (daily milk yield 21 kg-30 kg) is 3.4%-3.6% of body weight. %, middle cows (daily milk production 16 kg -20 kg) is 2.9% -3.3%, low-yielding dairy cows (daily milk production 11 kg -15 kg) is 2.5% -2.8%.
Preparation method
It is necessary to first understand the approximate feed intake of dairy cows, determine the amount of nutrients needed per day from “Dairy Feeding Standards for Dairy Cowsâ€, and find out the various nutrient contents of existing feeds from the feed ingredients and nutritional value tables. According to the calculation of existing nutrients, a reasonable mix, with the balance into a diet.
Precautions
The production of high-yielding dairy cows is commonly referred to as "grassroots, raw milk, and water spirit." The so-called "grassroots" means that the cow's lyrical condition is determined by the roughage, and "feedout" means that the concentrate in the diet will affect the cow's milk yield.
The diet should be based on roughage to ensure the quality and amount of roughage. In the preparation of dairy cows, it is necessary to use roughage for feeding. This is because the roughage contains a variety of rich cellulose, which can stimulate the cows to ruminate and contribute to the secretion of saliva and control the rumen. pH balance, to promote the rumen environment to achieve normal indicators. In addition, the formulation of diets is mainly based on roughage feed, and the quality and quality of roughage should also be taken into account, because the quality of dairy cows' milk production largely depends on the dry matter intake and roughage quality. If the intake of dry matter of dairy cows is small and the quality of roughage is poor, the milk fat percentage will be reduced, affecting the high yield and stable production of dairy cows and leading to the occurrence of various diseases. Therefore, in addition to adhering to roughage feeding, the quality and quantity of roughage feeding should also be ensured in the diet ingredients. With regard to the collocation of roughage, the following principles can be observed: First, the supply of roughage should be guaranteed to be sufficient. In the preparation of diets, the supply of roughage should be ensured as much as possible to ensure that its proportion in the diet is not less than 40%. At the same time, for the backing cows and dry cows, mainly high-quality roughage should be used, and supplementary feeding troughs can be set up in their active areas to ensure that the cows have enough feed supply. Second, the fibers in the roughage must have sufficient length. A sufficient length of cellulose content can effectively promote the rumination of dairy cows. Generally, 20% of the silage material has a length of more than 4 cm. Each dairy cow should supply at least 2.5 kg of silage material of more than 4 cm per day. Third, the supply of roughage should be diversified and high quality. The roughage in the diet must be of high quality, high in nutrient content, and free from mildew. In order to ensure the balanced nutrition of dairy cows, it is not possible to use a certain kind of roughage for a long period of time. It can be used with appropriate amounts of legumes and grasses to ensure a diversified nutrient content.
Dietary supplements are supplemented by dietary supplements to make it less and more refined. The principle of formulating concentrate feed in dietary formulation is less and more refined. The purpose is to supplement the nutrients that are lacking in roughage. Therefore, the auxiliary feed is also called "fine supplements." At present, the concentrated feed for dairy cows is mainly composed of corn, bran, salt, stone powder, trace element additives, and vitamin additives. The use of concentrate feed should be as high quality as possible to ensure the energy and protein content of the unit mass in the blend. In addition, the use of concentrate in the diet should be less, and the proportion of feed added should be properly controlled. It is generally used after rough processing, squashing or puffing, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of concentrate feed.
Do not use additives as much as possible in the diet to ensure feed stability. At present, due to the indiscriminate use of feed additives in the market, the occurrence of quality and safety problems in animal foods does not stop at the market. In order to ensure the safety of dairy products without pollution, try not to use drugs and feed additives in the formulation of diets. Even if they are used, they must be implemented in strict accordance with national standards. In addition, the stability of raw materials and quality must be ensured regardless of the preparation of concentrate feed and roughage. Try not to suddenly replace or replace the raw materials as much as possible, otherwise it may lead to the digestive dysfunction of dairy cows, which is not conducive to the healthy growth and production of dairy cows.
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