First, feeding methods: feeding and mountain grazing plus supplementation two kinds of fattening methods
1. Feeding and fattening can be divided into two methods: continuous fattening method and shelf fattening method. The continuous fattening method is a method in which the cattle have been slaughtered after finishing weaning with fattening rations until 15-18 months of age and with a live weight of about 350-400 kg. The advantages of this method are the young age of slaughter, good meat quality, shortcomings, long feeding period, long feeding time, high cost, and low profitability. It is rarely used in rural areas. The shelf cattle fattening method: After the general calf weaning, at the low nutrient level, raised to 12-18 months of age, and then supply a higher nutritional level of diet, concentrate fertilizer 3-6 months, live weight reaches 400- About 500 kg slaughter slaughter. This method is suitable for farm feeding in the farming areas or shelf-fed cattle produced by year-round grazing in mountainous areas. It has advantages of less material consumption, low cost, and can increase the number of turnovers.
2, mountain grazing plus supplementary fattening, fattening cattle to 18 months of age, weighing about 350 kg slaughter. This method is simple and easy, and it is mainly based on the natural grassland grazing in local areas, with less money and high benefits.
Second, feeding fattening rations with technical requirements
1. The diet composition of fattening cattle is mainly fine material and roughage. According to the content of nutrients in roughage, the ratio of refined roughage to dry matter is 1:2-3.
2. Concentrate feed should contain 2-3 kinds of protein feed and energy feed, and rough feed should contain at least 2 kinds.
The total amount of fodder for fattening cattle on the 3rd and 3rd days is calculated as about 2% of the live weight on a dry matter basis, and on the shelf cattle, it is calculated on the basis of 2.4% to 3% of the live weight.
4. Dietary Mixing: Diet refers to a group of mixed feeds fed by a fattening cow on a day and a night. It generally includes green feed, roughage feed, concentrated feed, and additive feed.
5, fattening cattle rations: based on feeding standards, combined with flexible application of local feed resources, as appropriate corrections. The need for protein, minerals, and vitamins is again considered based on meeting the energy needs first. The nutritional requirements of beef cattle are expressed as a percentage, with energy of 86-93%, protein of 6-12%, and minerals and vitamins of 1-2%.
6. The composition of the feed must meet the digestive physiology of cattle, and be reasonably matched with roughage. With a small amount of concentrate, the content of crude fiber in the diet should not be lower than 13%.
7. The composition of the diet should be diversified, good palatability, in line with the beef cattle feed intake, both to meet the nutritional needs, but also under the cattle to eat, eat full. The intake of beef cattle is 2-3 kg dry matter/day per 100 kg of body weight. Feed should be made as much as possible on-site, locally produced, and cost reduced.
8. Principles and methods of diet matching: first check the nutrition table and feed nutrient content table, and initially determine the type and amount of forage grass in the diet. Generally, 1-1.5 kg hay and 3-4 kg silage are given per 100 kg body weight. . Supplementation and balance: The nutrient requirement of beef cattle is subtracted from the nutrient content provided by forage grass. The difference is the amount of nutrients supplemented by the concentrate, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. If urea is used to increase the level of crude protein in the diet, the amount should not exceed 3% of the amount of concentrate. After feeding, large amounts of water cannot be consumed immediately to avoid poisoning and death.
9. Farmers adopt quail feeding, one sire or two sire, one sire and one cow, limit activities, reduce calorie consumption, and promote the growth of long meat.
Third, the feeding method of fattening cattle
1. Before feeding fattening cattle and slaughter cattle, concentrate short-term fattening should be carried out, and diets should be used in strict accordance with nutritional standards to meet the need for weight gain.
2, adhere to grass net, material net, tank net, water net.
3, insist on feeding three times a day, each interval of not less than 6 hours, the amount of daily feeding average divided supply. Feeding is timed quantitatively.
4, fattening cattle drink at least 2 times a day, drink enough.
5, feeding the order of forage: grass after the material, or feed mixed feed. 4.1.3.6 When grazing in the mountainous regions where grazing and fattening are used, they must be fully fed, otherwise they must be supplemented with hay and mixed feed. Concentrate supplements feed approximately 1 to 2.5 kg.
IV. Management of fattening cattle
1, insist on "six net"
Grass net: no dirt, nails, wires, plastic film, and forage that have been degraded.
Material net: feed that is not mildewed or contaminated by toxic pesticides, and does not contain foreign materials such as sand, metal, and plastic films.
Net circumcision: Diligent excrement, keeping the house fresh air.
Trough net: insist on daily cleaning, especially after each feed in the summer, clean once to prevent fodder residues in the tank fermentation or mildew.
Cow body net: insist on brushing 1-2 times a day to keep the cattle body clean and clean. Prevention of ectoparasite flies in the summer.
Water Net: Drinking water is clean and the water tank should be cleaned regularly.
Note: The parasites in the body must be expelled before fattening. In areas with infectious diseases, vaccines should be injected in time to prevent and control the epidemic and ensure the health of the cattle. During the fattening process, “five observations†should be performed to see if the animals grazing; Look at the rumination situation; look at the shape of the feces; see the mental state of the four; and look at the walking gait. Two touch, touch the ear; two touch the nose. Abnormalities were found and measures were taken in time.
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