Pests and diseases are an important factor directly affecting the yield and quality of grapes, and the most important cause of grape damage is the rot in the late growth period of grapes. In order to avoid the phenomenon of fruit rot in the late growth period of grapes, people often use chemical pesticides in large quantities, which not only cause excessive pesticide residues in grapes, but also cause environmental pollution. Therefore, in the actual production process, the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive management†should be implemented. The following is a brief description of the causes and prevention of rotten fruit in the late growth period of grapes.
First, the main reasons for the occurrence of rotten fruit:
1, rainy, heavy air humidity. Most of the pathogens like grape downy mildew, white rot, and gray mold, like wet environments, and occur in a large number of rainy years, causing severe damage and causing rotten fruit.
2, leafy, poor ventilation and ventilation. Grapevine branches and leaves are too dense, too many ears are left, ventilation and light transmission are poor, and diseases and insect pests are easily caused, causing rotten fruit.
3, malnutrition, lack of trace fertilizer. The correct application of organic fertilizer or inorganic compound fertilizer can enhance the resistance of fruit trees to various pests and diseases, and deteriorate the nutrition of sucking pests. The excessive nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient phosphorus, potassium, and trace fertilizer, soil water will promote the occurrence of pests and diseases, resulting in rotten fruit.
Second, control methods:
1. Choose high-quality varieties with strong disease resistance. For example, the "Kantai" grape varieties not only can resist cold, but also have strong resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew. There are also giant peak-type varieties, which have strong anti-blackpox and anthracnose properties.
2. The prevention and control of pests and diseases shall be based on the principle of “prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive managementâ€.
(1) Disease prevention and control: The disease should be sprayed and controlled at the initial stage of disease. The agent can use 50% Triflumne WP 500 times, 70% Thiophanate WP 600 times, 50% Carbendazim. Wettable powder 800 times. According to the condition 7 to 10 days prevention and treatment, a total of 2 to 5 times control. In the event of an appropriate increase in the number of rains, the spray shall be promptly applied after the rain.
(2) Pest control: Insect pests mainly include thrips, two-star leafhoppers, and grape tiger moths. Thrips, two-star leafhopper can be controlled by imidacloprid 2000 to 3000 times; grape tiger moth can be used cypermethrin 2000 times spray or avermectin 4000 to 5000 times spray control.
3, combined with bagging against rotten fruit. Grape fruit bagging can reduce pest damage, reduce cracking, rotten fruit. The bagging should be carried out immediately after the shaping of the ear. Before the bagging, the insecticide should be sprayed once finely, and the bag should be removed 1 to 2 weeks before the collection to promote coloring.
4, combined with summer cuts prevent rotten fruit. Summer shearing should be done in time to eliminate dense shoots and leggy branches. The result should be fine pruning and timely picking of hearts to prevent vegetative growth and reproductive growth disorders, affecting the current year's output. Care should be taken when pruning: the result is that only one full shoot is retained in each node of the mother shoot, and all other lateral shoots or accessory buds are erased; 5 to 7 days before flowering, 4 to 5 leaves are tossed before the uppermost inflorescence of the resulting shoots. . In addition, we must also reasonably take the amount of flowers and prevent excessive load on the vines. From the flowering period to fruit enlargement period, thinning and fruit thinning are performed in time to eliminate small fruit, malformed fruit, disease and fruit, and rot fruit, thereby improving fruit quality.
5, combined with soil testing formula, scientific fertilization against rotten fruit. Usually in the fall more farmhouse fertilizer. According to the results of soil testing, by adding fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers in the spring and summer of the second year, the soil becomes rich in organic matter, loose and fertile, and is more suitable for root growth and development.
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