Recently quoted from Japan’s Kyodo News Agency reported that Norovirus, which causes severe vomiting and diarrhea recently, is raging in Japan. Experts pointed out that due to the genetic variation of the virus, the risk of infection increases, and people are urged to do thorough prevention through hand washing or disinfection.
Viral mutations can cause repeated infections
Virus norovirus has many genotypes, it mutates very quickly, and it is extremely resistant. Even if it is brought into a strange and harsh environment, virus particles can survive for several weeks. In an interview with a reporter, professor Yan Yan of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University explained that one of the characteristics of Norovirus is highly variable, and that there may be epidemics of strains with different genetic characteristics in the same period and in the same community. "Norovirus antibodies have no significant protective effect, especially without long-term immune protection, which can easily cause repeated infections."
Dr. Xiaoxia Xiao from Guangdong Institute of Microbiology also said that the virus has high variability. "This is the one that is popular this year. After a certain sequence of virus changes in the next year, new species or subspecies of different genotypes will appear. Studies have shown that the faster the virus spreads, the faster it will mutate."
10 to 100 virus particles are pathogenic
In recent years, Norovirus has become more widespread in the world. According to statistics, 1 out of 5 patients with infectious diarrhea is caused by norovirus infection, and 60%–90% of nonbacterial infectious diarrhea is associated with norovirus infection. It is estimated that approximately 700 million people are infected each year in the world, including 200 million children under the age of 5; every year, 21 million people die of Norovirus infection, among which 50,000 children die.
Yan Xiaoxia introduced that humans are susceptible to Norovirus. "This is mainly due to two reasons. First, the Norovirus is highly susceptible to mutations. The epidemic strains are likely to be different each year. Norovirus antibodies obtained by the patients have no significant protective effect, especially if they have no long-term immune protection. It is easy to cause repeated infections.Second, the dose of the virus is very low.Generally speaking, norovirus is also low in food and water, but the human body only needs to absorb about 10 to 100 virus particles. Cause illness."
Norovirus is one of the main causes of viral gastroenteritis and can cause bacterial food poisoning-like acute gastroenteritis. Yu Yanyan stated that norovirus infectious diarrhea is a self-limiting disease. Although there are no vaccines and special drugs, most patients do not need special treatment and can heal themselves after 2-3 days, but the elderly and frail patients may be Therefore, the disease is dehydrated or other complications and even death. Therefore, we must pay special attention to the elderly, infants, and people with underlying diseases to prevent dehydration and other complications.
Shellfish is a virus "high-risk food"
Studies have shown that there are "high-risk foods" that are particularly easy to carry with Norovirus in life, among which shellfish are ranked first. In addition to shellfish, strawberries and other fruits and vegetables growing on the ground are also polluted. The main reason is that the virus is contaminated by manure or sewage irrigation.
Yu Yanyan also stated that for anyone, maintaining good hand sanitation is the most important and effective measure to prevent Norovirus infection and control spread. In addition, norovirus infection should be away from the kitchen or food processing sites; patient vomit or fecal contamination of the surface, household items, food processing tools, etc. should be professional disinfection, carefully clean and so on. Patients with unexplained diarrhea should be promptly isolated. Public places where epidemics occur should be immediately closed. After the epidemic, terminal disinfection should be performed before opening up. (Reporter Li Ying)
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