Release date: 2016-10-31
In a recent study published in CellReports, scientists have announced that they have used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene to detect genes one by one in the human immune system cells—a total of 45 genes, sometimes simultaneously, sometimes individually— To find out anything related to HIV infection.
  
Whether the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editor can create a superhero depicted in the Netflix show, it's indisputably good at it - it's really really fast to edit a lot of genes!
In a study published in CellReports on Tuesday, scientists announced that they have used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene to detect genes one by one in the human immune system cells—a total of 45 genes, sometimes simultaneously, sometimes individually—to Find out anything that is related to HIV infection.
Over the years, scientists have learned that mutations in certain genes can prevent HIV from entering T cells (clinical trials are underway). But this will never prevent people from finding more ways to prevent HIV infection, including scientists at San Francisco, the University of California, and its Gladstone College.  
Participation in the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology is easy, and even small labs that are not able to participate in the previous generation of genome editing tools are jumping into the CRISPR pool.   
Scientists want to rate genes to find out which changes protect T cells from HIV infection, and each time they need to build a separate multi-core CRISPR/Cas9 combination. Because of this, scientists at the University of California, San Francisco have invested in the human T cell genome research. It takes several years for a project to adopt the previous generation of genome editing tools. On the contrary, the new technology took only a few months!   
It’s also the same group of researchers who invented the CRISPR/Cas9 method to enter the cell more easily last year – the light-fired flintstone that opened the cell – they sent a total of 149 CRISPR complexes one after another into hundreds of thousands of health Volunteers in the blood of T cells.   
A team of scientists led by the University of California, San Francisco/Glyston medical geneticist Nike Logan and the immunologist Dr. Alexander Sen, each time they edited the variant T cells to determine that they can be completely excluded. HIV, while indicating that it itself enters the T cell genome (this is viral replication), otherwise it cannot be infected. They edited 12 genes (such as CXCR4, CCR5, LEDGF, NUP153) that were all or partially inhibited by HIV.
  
Scientists hope to use genome editing to alter one or more of these T cell genes to prevent or conquer AIDS. Current treatments prevent infection in children but do not eliminate the virus from the patient's immune system. Therefore, patients must take antiretroviral drugs for the rest of their lives. In a clinical trial editing the CCR5 gene, Sangamo Biosciences has found that even without HIV/AIDS drugs, the patient's viral load has declined and in some cases remained low; company spokesperson Elizabeth Wolfe said further results It is expected to be released in 2017.
  
Sangamo's vice president Michael Holmes said that editing genes outside of CCR5 may help patients are still unknown. He believes that the University of California at San Francisco's study of using CRISPR to identify other potential targets for HIV is "a good job." But "CCR5 and CXCR (another gene) still seem to be the best target, which is not to say that other things are not possible."   
Editing the T cell genome to face the fight against HIV/AIDS is a big deal, not to mention a cure. Since 2013, more than 12 papers have reported varying degrees of successful use of CRISPR to stop HIV-infected animals or cells growing in petri dishes in the laboratory, but in some cases HIV overcame CRISPR editors. Multiple genome editing, either simultaneously or sequentially, may be necessary.   
There are still many questions about whether people without medical insurance can afford it. Scientists at the University of California, San Francisco, hope that drugs can mimic their genome editing and become at least as affordable as current HIV/AIDS drugs.
Source: China Pharmaceutical Network
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