ã€Abstract】 The combination of portable medical instruments, wireless communication technology and network technology makes mobile medical treatment possible. Considering the special application conditions of mobile physiological parameter monitoring equipment, the chip design for mobile medical is faced with the challenges of low power consumption, low frequency and low noise. The SoC chip designed in this paper adopts low frequency, low noise, low power (three low) design schemes, mainly researching four aspects, namely, fully differential analog front end, power management, human body near-end wireless communication, digital signal co-processing Integration with the system.
1 Research background and research status of mobile medical
Factors such as the aging of the global population, the improvement of people's living standards and the increasing demand for medical services in remote areas are driving the transformation of traditional medical methods. Mobility and portability have gradually become the key factors affecting the medical electronics industry [1]. On the other hand, the development of semiconductor technology has made the pace of medical innovation move at an unprecedented speed. With the rapid calculation, high-precision analog-to-digital conversion and advancement of wireless network technology, medical electronic products are gradually moving towards low power consumption and miniaturization. The emergence of portable medical electronic products has led to the rise of household medical care trends and increased consumer awareness of their own health. Electronic blood pressure monitors , blood glucose meters, digital hearing aids, electronic thermometers, wearable monitors, swallowable electronic capsules, etc. are gradually becoming low. The trend of cost and home development, and the trend of integration with consumer electronic devices, its application is becoming more popular, the prospects are very promising.
The rapid development of modern mobile communication technology also provides a solid and reliable support for the mobile medical electronics industry. At present, 3G is a well-deserved communication field. The so-called 3G refers to a new generation mobile communication system that combines wireless communication with multimedia communication such as the Internet. It can handle a variety of media formats such as images, music, video streaming, etc., providing a variety of information services including web browsing, teleconferencing, and e-commerce. The mobile medical chip contains a human body near-end wireless communication module, and the human body physiological data collected by the human body is sent to a 3G mobile terminal (3G mobile phone), and then transmitted to a dedicated medical device or an application program for analysis and display by the 3G mobile terminal. To fully demonstrate the important role of mobility and portability in the medical electronics industry.
Mobile medical chips not only have great prospects in the market, but also academically meet the development trend of the new Moore's Law: Over the years, Moore's Law has promoted the production capacity, which has led to the amazing development of the semiconductor industry and created ultra-fast Digital processors and large-capacity memories have made personal computers and mobile phones popular among thousands of households. However, the semiconductor industry is facing a double challenge: on the one hand, the cost of developing system chips using advanced CMOS technology is skyrocketing; on the other hand, the continued shrinking of the volume will push Moore's Law to the end. As a result, the semiconductor industry has created More than Moore, the new Moore's Law, in which chip development seeks to reduce power consumption and improve overall functionality, and in fact shifts to more pragmatically meeting market demands. On some new platforms, such as Apple's iPhone, Nintendo's Wii and other platforms, its core processor and application processor performance is far less than multi-core CPU, but its diverse and interesting applications are lost. There are hundreds of millions of users worldwide.
Figure 1 Moore's Law and the new Moore's Law
The research and development for mobile medical is currently mainly done in the form of projects in the academic and industrial fields. The main projects are: the Georgia Institute of Technology's Smart Shirt project [3]; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's MIThril project. [4]; EU IST FP5 project - ZMON [5]; EU IST FP5 project - WEALTHY [6]; EU IST FP6 project - MyHeart [7]; EU IST FP6-NMP-2 project - BIOTEX [8]; France VTAMN project [9]; T-shirt with sensing function developed by Fraunhofer IZM, Germany [10]. One thing in common with these projects is the combination of production, education and research, application-oriented, and some of the research results have been successfully transformed into products. The emergence and rapid development of mobile medical chips has provided strong technical support for the realization of mobile medical. Mobile medical chips integrate analog front ends, ADCs, microprocessors, encoder/decoders, baseband processors, and power management in a single silicon chip, eliminating the need for or requiring only a few external discrete components, power, size, and The weight is significantly reduced. Chips that can be applied to cardiac pacemakers, electronic cochleas, deep brain stimulators, and capsule endoscopes have all appeared. In 2004, Wong et al. [11] invented a modular hybrid chip for cardiac pacemakers, including the power management system, ECG acquisition amplifier, analog-to-digital conversion, high-voltage pulse generator, etc. With a power consumption of only 8 microwatts, the chip can last for 10 to 12 years after being implanted in the human body. In 2005, Georgious et al. [12] invented an electronic cochlear that consumes 126 microwatts. The cochlear implant can last for 13 days and can charge the cochlea while the patient is asleep. In 2010, Yan et al. [13] invented a wearable cardiac monitoring system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip that not only measures ECG signals, but also measures cardiac output.
At the same time, some internationally renowned chip manufacturers have successfully developed a series of system chips suitable for medical signal acquisition and processing. In 2010, Texas Instruments developed a low-power, eight-channel electrophysiological analog front-end chip, the ADS1298, which includes a low noise gain programmable PGA amplifier and a 24-bit digital-to-analog converter. And built-in right leg drive circuit, Wilson center, oscillator, voltage reference and SPI interface. The high level of integration of the chip greatly improves the portableness of the electrocardiogram (ECG). In 2011, ADI introduced an ADAS1000 ECG analog front-end chip for diagnostics. The chip also includes a right leg drive amplifier, AC and DC lead closure detection, shielded drive, etc., as well as integrated breath measurement and pacing pulse detection.
The domestic IC design industry started late, and domestic IC design companies are mainly focused on the development of dedicated processors for general-purpose processors, communications, mobile multimedia, and consumer electronics, for medical electronic products for monitoring. There is little investment in the development of ASIC chips. Therefore, the development of chips suitable for medical instruments and equipment plays an important role in shortening the gap between China's medical electronic products and the international level, as well as improving the international competitiveness of China's medical device companies.
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