Raymond McCauley: Thank you all! Thank you very much for inviting me. You make me feel like a rock star. Maybe you will think, why do you talk about so many artificial intelligence and digital biology after network computing? Technology When we look at it, it affects everyone we are here, just like Neil Jacobstein asks how many people have mobile phones, how many people have computers, and I want to ask everyone how many people are still alive, how many People use creatures? This is everyone, this is something that affects everyone.
DNA sequencing can show disease trends
When we talked about DNA sequencing, the past 30 years have been about what kind of tools we use, we have better and better tools, this is the basis of biology, we have a DNA microarray that makes electronics Tools that technical staff can use. In addition, you can see that there is a picture of DNA WeChat, which is the chip produced by the company Lumena, which was sold to 23andme, which took the chip and it There is DNA inside, it can put this DNA on a new chip, it can make a bright spot, he said that this person owns the gene, or has this genetic change, this we can do any research, for example Cancer research can be compared, such as a group of people with diseases and people without diseases.
Let's take a look at it. Here, we will have a thing that will let you take a bit of a slobber. If you send this thing back, he will study your NDA and you will see your results online. Many people will see what kind of potential diseases you have, there may be some potential genetic diseases, and then geneticists, our background has become a very popular product, because everyone wants to know their own genes. And what kind of background does it come from? So the way we use this big data is different. If 23andme scans you, you can view this information. You can also share this information with other people. And if you say that when you share, he will compare your results with others. If they find a person who has a technical relationship with you, he will tell you, so we found a fifth generation. Cousins ​​and sisters, and some people will find that they will find sons or daughters that they do not know. Daughters and sons will also find their parents, and sometimes they are adopted.
This information is very interesting. These are very private information. It brings us privacy issues. Do you want to share this information? Is it your right to share this information? Because this is my right, If I share this information, you will also convey the information of your own parents, so I shared the information of other relatives when sharing. Do they want this to be shared? Of course, this will bring us a lot. As a consequence, if people get this information, it can predict your health.
I want to point out to you that when you are doing these tests, what you are doing is that the DNA scan is not the same as the DNA sequence. You have to see all the human technologies. We see that the DNA scan is 1.2 million. Mechanism, if we do DNA sequence is a mechanism of 32, DNA scanning is the most important, most interesting, most famous and most characteristic, but it is a very small point, just a scan, when we do the DNA sequence All the points are put together to see. Then, on this picture, we can see that the cost of technology is constantly decreasing. We like this kind of chart. We can see a tenfold decrease. We have a trend of reduction in Moore's Law. You can see that it is constantly going on. Drop and then finally go to a flat part so that we can have a sequence test of the next generation of DNA. You can see that the cost is declining. For example, in 2005, we completed the work of the genome, which took almost 15 years, 3 billion US dollars, while (BTBA) was almost 2 million, and in 2007 it was 100. With a cost of one million, you can buy a real estate in New York. The value of such a real estate allows the genome to be sequenced. In 2013, the cost was almost $25,000. This is when we are in early 2014, we will You can do a sequencing of the genome for less than a thousand dollars, and you can measure the sequence of your genome at the cost of your chest.
In 2016, it may be just a part of buying pizza. By 2020, the cost of sequencing may be lower than the cost of flushing your toilet. We can see that the price is getting lower and lower, and the speed is very fast, you can make it very easy, this is a trend in the future. So here you might say, "What about that?" Is this a big technology, what kind of effect does it have for me? Then, let me share it for you, see if this is for you personally. What is the meaning? This is my own to look at my own genes, and then he is doing the sequencing of this genome, in fact, not only the results of this test, we look at the small map, this is what I might have The tendency of the disease; the characteristics of my genes show that I have almost a 30% chance of developing age-related macular degeneration. So, what if you know that you may have an unpredictable disease? If we can't solve it Do we need to know this question?
There are some diseases that seem to be preventable. In fact, many measures can be taken to prevent them. You can talk to your doctor. The doctor will tell you that you should eat vitamins. Vitamins can help you avoid diseases. You can also avoid ultraviolet rays. And I found a new ophthalmologist. I will show them these forms and say that I am likely to get AMD in the future. This ophthalmologist will look at this information and say it is very good. Information. Then I will say, "Yes?" Is it not me? I need to change another doctor? The doctor said "Yes". You know very early that this information is very good. Many people don’t know this until the eyes are invisible. problem. Many people have such inheritance because of the family at home. You now know that you are suffering from such a disease. Prevention is good for you. We have clinical trials and you can participate in our clinical trials. If you do well, you can get AMD when you are 60 or 70, so I can take a lot of measures before the disease happens. So what I want to tell you here is that the information about these genes is not for us to worry, but for us to make some changes to our behavior and to change our behavior.
This is also an opportunity for everyone. If you use the formula, you will store the data, and if you are medical , now is your chance.
DNA sequencing brings new opportunities for the company
In 2020, the cost will be 0.01 points, which is 1 point. I may have been deceiving just now, because I have to tell you all the things now. The sequencing of the genome I just said is 1 cent. I just talked about the marginal cost. It is to make another genome. It is needed. A penny, and this is the cost of the raw data. What we are seeing now is that we subdivide this market, and we also charge based on value-added services, or do a genome, or two genomes, or part of the gene. Or do you only scan a gene? These are the current market prices. If you want to interpret or sequence the genes, if we see less than a thousand dollars, we can make a personal outside. The senator group, I just said that a lie is the speed of decline, of course, it has dropped by two times, and will fall by five times in the future. We see this data slowly eased. The biggest reason is that there is a company now. Control this technology, other companies are still willing to come in, hope to become a new hero can provide you with cheaper services, so now This is a good opportunity.
What does this mean for us? Even if it is only down twice and down five times a year, future medical care is no longer passive. It is not just to see problems and then correct them, but to make predictions, or Say we can prevent before things happen to make sure that this doesn't happen or prepare for the worst. I want to give you some examples; we see these four elements, drug management, that is, we want to see what each drug reacts to each person, then a rare disease, if this person looks like another The disease, and the incidence rate in the world is not so high, there is not much data, but if we look at his genes, I know what this person's disease is, especially cancer, only related to genes, cancer is your DNA cell, There is a BAG in it, and then grow again. We need to find a reason to change the DNA. After reading your DNA, we will tell us how to change and how to stop. The last one, we have never realized that it is "longevity", we have to live longer, we look at those who have lived for 120 years, or those who live longer, let us see if they have unique genes? There is no unique gene, but a series of genes, cancer, heart disease, any neurological problems. All diseases are caused by our age. If those people live longer than 100 years old, he will give us Provides a lot of things to learn. I want to give you an example. What does this look like, show you a video, they have a product that can help people see what kind of cancer they have, we provide a service to the patient, we can do DNA sequencing, we call it FoundanONE, we can interpret this. The first generation can do some testing and then help the doctor to test. FoundanONE is a test, not a lot of tests. It can capture information through a test, making the drug more effective, and the doctor just draws a tick. I can get this interpretation. I am stopping here. This is very interesting. It is a cartoon. It is a very simple explanation. It is not for the doctor. It is for the patient. It is actually an advertisement for people. You can be more interested in this product if you or your family have cancer. Instead of sequencing, the company is writing a report based on computer data, a very complex database, but they can use this database to interpret cancer-related information.
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